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Exam 8: Cognition and Language

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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The process that involves evaluating alternatives and making choices among them is known as

A) insight.
B) problem solving.
C) decision making.
D) bounded rationality.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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When working on complex problems, a useful strategy to use is to

A) formulate subgoals, or intermediate steps toward a solution.
B) recognise the similarity between two problems.
C) recognise when the problem does not have a well-specified goal.
D) use a heuristic.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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A

Question 3

Multiple Choice

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The sentence, "The nervous the stared thick at exam student" would be virtually impossible for an English speaker to understand because the sentence violates the rules of English

If your psychology professor gives students two separate grades on their essay questions on exams, one for content or meaning and the other for grammar, the first grade can be said to refer to the ____ and the second grade to the ____ of the essays.

Simon's theory of bounded rationality asserts that people frequently make

Under-extension would be evident if a three-year-old child

Compared to older children and adults, young children appear to be ____________________ vulnerable to functional fixedness because they have less knowledge about typical uses for various objects.

The key properties of language include symbolism, phonemes and generativity.

When a child says that "tub" and "but" are constructed of the same three letters, she is showing an awareness of

The fact that choices which are objectively identical can seem very different when reframed in different terms helps to illustrate which of your text's unifying themes?

Claudia wants to send a fragile vase to her parents for their anniversary but she can't find any appropriate packing material in her house. She decides to pop some popcorn and use that to pack around the vase. In this case, Claudia has

Christine has been following the state lottery for over a year, and she has a record of the number of times every number has been selected. She is ready to invest R1000 in lottery tickets with the same six-number combination on each ticket. She is going to choose the six numbers that have occurred the least frequently in the last year because she is sure they will be picked eventually. In this case, Christine is showing evidence of

Mental shortcuts used to help people in estimating probabilities include the representativeness heuristic and can lead people to estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone.

Seventeen-year-old Ashley is driving her brother's car when she has her first-ever flat tyre. She realises that she needs to find where the spare tyre and the jack and other tools are stored in the car, remove the flat tyre and install the spare tyre. Ashley is approaching the problem by

Briefly explain why people often find some problems difficult to solve.

The fact that overextensions are more common in children's production of words than in their comprehension of words implies that overextensions occur because

In order to decide which car to buy, Jim makes a list of desired qualities and rates each of the cars he is considering on a scale of one to ten. After totaling the points each car receives on all the desired qualities, he is going to purchase the car with the most points. Jim is using the ____ strategy of decision-making.

Bilingualism is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

You have a pair of pliers and a bag of nuts in the shell. You are lamenting the fact that you can't shell the nuts because you do not have a nutcracker. Your inability to perceive the pliers as a makeshift nutcracker demonstrates ____ on your part.

B. F. Skinner was one of the theorists who encouraged the study of cognitive activity, which helped lead to the cognitive revolution in the 1950s.