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_____ occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression.

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Relatively healthful efforts that people make to deal with stressful events are referred to as _____ coping.


A) adaptive
B) offensive
C) defensive
D) constructive

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression?


A) Conflict
B) Frustration
C) Pressure
D) Vacillation

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Research has demonstrated that the act of forgiving someone when one believes another person's actions were harmful or unjust is associated with


A) negative emotions and reduced life satisfaction.
B) reduced anger and physical symptoms.
C) increased anxiety and depression.
D) an increase in negative behaviors by the other person.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Allie has a chronic medical condition. She was advised to take a drug from a manufacturer that claims it reduces the risk of mortality from her condition by 25%. Before taking the drug, it is MOST important that Allie investigate ​


A) her doctor's credentials.
B) the base rate for mortality from her condition.
C) the cost of the drug.
D) the dosage of the drug.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following organs is involved in BOTH of the body's two major stress pathways?


A) Adrenal gland
B) Sympathetic nervous system
C) Pituitary gland
D) Pineal gland

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Luigi knows that the surgeon general has determined that smoking increases the risk of various types of cancers, but he is sure that he won't develop cancer. Luigi's pattern of behavior illustrates the idea that


A) many health-impairing habits creep up on us.
B) people tend to rationalize high-risk behaviors by pointing out healthy habits that offset their unhealthy habits.
C) people often underestimate the risks associated with their own health-impairing behavior.
D) people believe the risks associated with health-impairing habits are overstated by media sources.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The optimal level of arousal for task performance


A) is about the same from one task to another.
B) increases as the tasks become more complex.
C) decreases as the tasks become more complex.
D) relates more to personal makeup than to the task.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following statements concerning positive emotions and stress is the LEAST accurate?


A) Positive emotions can arise under the direst circumstances.
B) Experiencing positive emotions while under stress is rare, and it is associated with denial in most individuals.
C) The presence of positive emotions can promote creativity and flexibility in problem solving.
D) The presence of positive emotions may reduce vulnerability to heart disease.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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An organism first recognizes the existence of a threat and physiological arousal occurs during the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.


A) fight-or-flight
B) resistance
C) exhaustion
D) alarm

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Anthony just received a pop quiz from his instructor, but he decides that he doesn't care how he performs on the quiz because his score is irrelevant to his grade. This evaluation is part of Anthony's _____ appraisal of the situation.


A) primary
B) secondary
C) reactionary
D) response modification

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Herbert Benson believes the key to the beneficial effects of meditation is ​


A) religious inspiration.
B) mental alertness.
C) sleep.
D) relaxation.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Research evidence has shown that humor moderates the impact of stress by affecting the individual's _____ of stressful events and by facilitating _____ support.

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Describe several recent occasions when you've experienced stress. For each case, identify the type(s) of stress you experienced and whatever emotional, physiological, and\or behavioral responses to stress you had.

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Students should accurately classify thei...

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_____ refers to various types of aid provided in times of stress by a person's friends and family.

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Scott is taking a course in American history, and his professor has given all the students in the class a choice between completing an in-class final exam that will count for 60% of their final grade or writing a 25-page term paper that will count for 60% of their final grade. As Scott considers which of these two options he will choose, he is MOST likely facing a(n) _____ conflict.


A) frustration-pressure
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) approach-avoidance

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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When a choice must be made between two attractive goals, we are experiencing a(n) _____ conflict.


A) risk-aversion
B) approach-approach
C) avoidance-avoidance
D) avoidance-approach

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following is NOT one of the primary reasons that people procrastinate in seeking medical attention when faced with a medical emergency such as a heart attack?


A) People worry about looking silly if the problem is not serious.
B) Many people don't believe their doctor can actually help them.
C) People worry about bothering their physician.
D) People misinterpret or downplay the significance of their symptoms.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Having frequent superficial interactions with people you do not know well is associated with ​


A) poorer immune functioning.
B) greater subjective well-being.
C) poorer survival rates from heart disease.
D) greater self-indulgence.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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In times of stress, stimulation of the pituitary gland results in the adrenal gland secreting hormones that tend to


A) decrease emotional arousal.
B) decrease the ability to do simple tasks.
C) conserve energy.
D) inhibit tissue inflammation.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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