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Exam 1: The History of Crime and Corrections

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Question 21

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Match the sentencing goal with its appropriate definition. -Incapacitation

A) Emphasis on repaying victim for wrong
B) Emphasis on treatment of offender
C) Emphasis on crime prevention
D) Emphasis on pain and suffering as punishment
E) Emphasis on removal of liberties

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Question 22

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In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, England removed criminals from society by sending them to its colonies through ________.

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Question 23

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The ________ model is a theory of corrections based on the belief that offenders were sick and needed to be diagnosed and treated.

Whose efforts in jail reform led to the passing of the Penitentiary Act in 1779?

Match the sentencing goal with its appropriate definition. -Deterrence

Which early colonial bail system enabled rich offenders to pay a fee and be released?

Compare the Pennsylvania System versus Auburn System.

The state of Pennsylvania's first two prisons were the Western State Penitentiary and the ________ State Penitentiary.

The effect of punishment on an individual offender that prevents that person from committing future crimes is called ________ deterrence.

The ________ Prison Era, from 1910 to 1935, emphasized manufacture of products by inmates and aimed at making prisons self-sustaining.

How did the Martinson review affect the perception of corrections on society?

The amount of money directed to criminal justice agencies has decreased greatly in recent years.

Match the sentencing goal with its appropriate definition. -Retribution

Under the medical model, offenders were believed to be "sick," inflicted with problems that caused their criminality.

Most offenders are sentenced to probation and supervised in the community by probation or parole officers.

Enforced idleness, lack of professional programs, and excessive size and overcrowding of prisons is characteristic of the Period of ________.

There is a large numerical difference between the number of crimes reported and the number of offenders convicted and facing any specific correctional sanction.

________ is the existence of features common in the early stages of human evolution, and implies that criminals are born, and criminal behavior is predetermined.

What is defined as a legislative authorization to provide a specific range of punishment for a specific crime?

The Walnut Street jail had the reformation of the offender as its primary objective.