Question 1

Symbols that convey meaning,plus rules for combining those symbols that can be used to generate an infinite variety of messages are known as

Accepted Answer

A)   language.
B)   telegraphic speech.
C)   an overextention.
D)   semantics.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Compared to older children and adults,young children appear to be ____________________ vulnerable to functional fixedness because they have less knowledge about typical uses for various objects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared to older children and adults,young children...

Question 3

Results from studies in which researchers have attempted to teach chimpanzees to use non-verbal language (i.e.,sign language or communication boards) indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)   chimpanzees are incapable of acquiring non-verbal communication.
B)   some chimpanzees have appeared to learn many words, and have combined words in appropriate ways.
C)   chimpanzees are capable of learning language to a level equivalent to that seen in 10-year-old children.
D)   chimpanzees can use non-verbal methods to communicate with other chimps, but not with humans.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

According to dual-process theories of decision-making,when complicated or important decisions need to be made people use

Accepted Answer

A)   dumb and dumber strategies.
B)   fast and frugal strategies.
C)   intuitive strategies.
D)   rule-governed strategies.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

If you enjoy a day at the racetrack and don't really care if you end up with a little more or little less money at the end of the day,your behavior is most influenced by the ____ you put on your day's entertainment.

Accepted Answer

A)   expected value
B)   unexpected value
C)   subjective utility
D)   objective utilityE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

People generally prefer a choice that provides an 80 percent chance of success over one that provides a 19 percent chance of failure.This illustrates the effect of

Accepted Answer

A)   the availability heuristic.
B)   the representativeness heuristic.
C)   framing.
D)   mental set.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 7

During a recent election campaign,the incumbent stated: "Only uninformed individuals who have no understanding of basic economics would disagree with my state budget proposal." This incumbent is apparently trying to shape public opinion through the use of

Accepted Answer

A)   semantic slanting.
B)   framing.
C)   anticipatory name calling.
D)   overextension.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Evidence from research studies investigating bilingualism suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)   bilinguals score higher than monolinguals in analytical reasoning and metalinguistic awareness.
B)   bilingualism has a significant, negative effect on overall language development.
C)   bilinguals are faster than monolinguals in language-processing speed.
D)   bilinguals score lower than monolinguals in selective attention and cognitive flexibility.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

The component of language that would be evident if an individual recognizes that "give" and "take" have opposite meanings is

Accepted Answer

A)   syntax.
B)   phonology.
C)   generativity.
D)   semantics.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Last year,5-year-old Alonda would say "No he coming" when explaining to her younger sister that their older brother would be staying home.Now Alonda will tell her sister "He's not coming." This example illustrates that Alonda has made gains in her use of

Accepted Answer

A)   linguistic relativity.
B)   phonemes.
C)   morphemes.
D)   syntax.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Dr.Grath believes that both an innate predisposition and a supportive environment contribute to language development.Dr.Grath's views are most consistent with those of

Accepted Answer

A)   behavioral theories.
B)   nativist theories.
C)   Whorfian theories.
D)   interactionist theories.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Maribel is on a jury,and she is already convinced that the defendant in the case is not guilty.She listens very attentively to everything the defense attorneys have to say,but she tends to pay less attention when the prosecution is presenting evidence.In this instance,Maribel is showing evidence of

Accepted Answer

A)   a confirmation bias.
B)   the conjunction fallacy.
C)   the base-rate fallacy.
D)   the overconfidence effect.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Wilson is watching two different roulette-type games at a local charity bazaar.Each game costs $1.00 to play.In one game there are ten different numbers,and if the number he selects comes up,he will win $12.00.In the other game there are 100 different numbers,but if the number he selects comes up,he will win $50.00.Based on expected value theory,Wilson should

Accepted Answer

A)   play the second game because it has a higher expected value.
B)   play either one of the games because they both have the same expected value.
C)   not play either game because they both have such low odds of winning.
D)   play the first game because it has a higher expected value.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Semantics is the component of language concerned with

Accepted Answer

A)   understanding the meaning of words and word combinations.
B)   specifying rules for how words can be arranged into sentences.
C)   creating novel messages from a finite number of symbols.
D)   correctly pronouncing the prefixes, suffices, and root words of a language.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 15

When the word "oat" is changed to the word "boat," the number of

Accepted Answer

A)   phonemes and morphemes are both increased.
B)   phonemes stays the same, but the number of morphemes is increased.
C)   phonemes increases, but the number of morphemes stays the same.
D)   phonemes decreases, but the number of morphemes increases.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 16

How would Chomsky most likely explain a young child saying,"I runned around the house?"

Accepted Answer

A)   the child had previously been reinforced for saying "I run around the house"
B)   the child learned the rule for making the past tense of verbs as a result of hearing the speech of others
C)   the child imitated an ungrammatical sentence spoken by another child
D)   the child imitated the ungrammatical speech of an adultE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Recent research suggests that bilingual persons learn another language ___________ monolingual persons.

Accepted Answer

A)   much more slowly than
B)   slightly more slowly than
C)   at about the same pace as
D)   more quickly thanE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 18

When trying to decide between two different choices of sandwiches for lunch Suzi can use a variety of strategies,including an additive strategy in which she gradually adds less attractive choices to her elimination list and an elimination strategy in which she will gradually eliminate the attributes that will allow her to eliminate the numerous choices until she has one remaining.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Briefly describe the types of errors that children make during their first attempts at language use.

Accepted Answer

Children often make under- and overexten...

Question 20

Since one of the main goals of playing Scrabble is to use your letters to form long words (the longer the word,the more points you score) ,Scrabble can best be described as a game that involves a problem of

Accepted Answer

A)   arrangement.
B)   transformation.
C)   functional fixedness.
D)   inducing structure.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Exam 8: Language and Thought

The component of language that would be evident if an individual recognizes that "give" and "take" have opposite meanings is

Correct Answer
verified

According to dual-process theories of decision-making,when complicated or important decisions need to be made people use

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Since one of the main goals of playing Scrabble is to use your letters to form long words (the longer the word,the more points you score) ,Scrabble can best be described as a game that involves a problem of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

If you enjoy a day at the racetrack and don't really care if you end up with a little more or little less money at the end of the day,your behavior is most influenced by the ____ you put on your day's entertainment.

Correct Answer
verified

People generally prefer a choice that provides an 80 percent chance of success over one that provides a 19 percent chance of failure.This illustrates the effect of

Correct Answer
verified

When the word "oat" is changed to the word "boat," the number of

Correct Answer
verified

Dr.Grath believes that both an innate predisposition and a supportive environment contribute to language development.Dr.Grath's views are most consistent with those of

Correct Answer
verified

How would Chomsky most likely explain a young child saying,"I runned around the house?"

Correct Answer
verified

Evidence from research studies investigating bilingualism suggests that

Correct Answer
verified

Recent research suggests that bilingual persons learn another language ___________ monolingual persons.

Correct Answer
verified

Symbols that convey meaning,plus rules for combining those symbols that can be used to generate an infinite variety of messages are known as

Correct Answer
verified

Semantics is the component of language concerned with

Correct Answer
verified

During a recent election campaign,the incumbent stated: "Only uninformed individuals who have no understanding of basic economics would disagree with my state budget proposal." This incumbent is apparently trying to shape public opinion through the use of

Correct Answer
verified

Maribel is on a jury,and she is already convinced that the defendant in the case is not guilty.She listens very attentively to everything the defense attorneys have to say,but she tends to pay less attention when the prosecution is presenting evidence.In this instance,Maribel is showing evidence of

Correct Answer
verified

Compared to older children and adults,young children appear to be ____________________ vulnerable to functional fixedness because they have less knowledge about typical uses for various objects.

Correct Answer
verified

Briefly describe the types of errors that children make during their first attempts at language use.

Correct Answer
verified
Children often make under- and overexten...
View Answer

Last year,5-year-old Alonda would say "No he coming" when explaining to her younger sister that their older brother would be staying home.Now Alonda will tell her sister "He's not coming." This example illustrates that Alonda has made gains in her use of

Correct Answer
verified

Results from studies in which researchers have attempted to teach chimpanzees to use non-verbal language (i.e.,sign language or communication boards) indicate that

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 8: Language and Thought

The component of language that would be evident if an individual recognizes that "give" and "take" have opposite meanings is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to dual-process theories of decision-making,when complicated or important decisions need to be made people use

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Since one of the main goals of playing Scrabble is to use your letters to form long words (the longer the word,the more points you score) ,Scrabble can best be described as a game that involves a problem of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you enjoy a day at the racetrack and don't really care if you end up with a little more or little less money at the end of the day,your behavior is most influenced by the ____ you put on your day's entertainment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People generally prefer a choice that provides an 80 percent chance of success over one that provides a 19 percent chance of failure.This illustrates the effect of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the word "oat" is changed to the word "boat," the number of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Grath believes that both an innate predisposition and a supportive environment contribute to language development.Dr.Grath's views are most consistent with those of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How would Chomsky most likely explain a young child saying,"I runned around the house?"

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evidence from research studies investigating bilingualism suggests that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Recent research suggests that bilingual persons learn another language ___________ monolingual persons.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Symbols that convey meaning,plus rules for combining those symbols that can be used to generate an infinite variety of messages are known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Semantics is the component of language concerned with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During a recent election campaign,the incumbent stated: "Only uninformed individuals who have no understanding of basic economics would disagree with my state budget proposal." This incumbent is apparently trying to shape public opinion through the use of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Maribel is on a jury,and she is already convinced that the defendant in the case is not guilty.She listens very attentively to everything the defense attorneys have to say,but she tends to pay less attention when the prosecution is presenting evidence.In this instance,Maribel is showing evidence of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to older children and adults,young children appear to be ____________________ vulnerable to functional fixedness because they have less knowledge about typical uses for various objects.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly describe the types of errors that children make during their first attempts at language use.

Correct AnswerverifiedChildren often make under- and overexten...View AnswerShow Answer

Last year,5-year-old Alonda would say "No he coming" when explaining to her younger sister that their older brother would be staying home.Now Alonda will tell her sister "He's not coming." This example illustrates that Alonda has made gains in her use of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Results from studies in which researchers have attempted to teach chimpanzees to use non-verbal language (i.e.,sign language or communication boards) indicate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Children often make under- and overexten...
View Answer

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